What Is a Pinch Runner in Baseball?
Quick answer
A substitute who replaces a player on base, usually for speed late in a close game. In MLB the replaced player can’t return.
In this article
A pinch runner is a substitute who replaces a player who's already on base. Teams use one for speed, usually late in a close game when one run matters, or to take an injured player off the bases. In MLB, the player who was replaced is out of the game for good.
When teams use a pinch runner
- Late and close. A slow runner on first in the eighth or ninth inning becomes a speedster who can steal second or score from first on a double.
- To set up a steal. The pinch runner's whole job is often one stolen base.
- Injuries. A player who is hurt or day-to-day can be replaced after reaching base.
- Extra innings. In MLB the inning starts with an automatic runner on second, and a manager can pinch-run for him right away.
The rules
- A pinch runner is a substitution: he takes the replaced player's spot in the batting order.
- In MLB, the replaced player can't re-enter the game.
- If the pinch runner stays in, he has to play a position in the field or be replaced again.
Courtesy runners in youth and high school ball
Many youth and high school leagues allow a courtesy runner for the pitcher or catcher, so they can rest and get their gear on. It isn't a substitution, so the pitcher or catcher stays in the game. Rules vary by league and state, so check yours.
Famous pinch runners
- Dave Roberts, 2004 ALCS: the Red Sox were three outs from being swept when Roberts pinch-ran, stole second and scored the tying run. Boston went on to win the series and the World Series.
- Herb Washington, 1974–75 A's: a sprinter signed purely to pinch-run. He appeared in over 100 games without ever batting.
- Terrance Gore: a modern pinch-running specialist who picked up World Series rings with several teams.
Related terms
- Double steal: a classic play for pinch runners
- Utility player: another kind of bench specialist
- Walk-off: what a pinch runner often scores
More definitions: baseball terms explained.
Frequently asked questions
What is a pinch runner?
A pinch runner is a substitute who replaces a player who is already on base, usually because the substitute is faster or the original player is injured.
Can the replaced player return to the game?
Not in MLB or most high-level baseball. Once a player is replaced by a pinch runner, he is out of the game for good.
What is a courtesy runner?
Many youth and high school leagues allow a courtesy runner for the pitcher or catcher. Unlike a pinch runner, it is not a substitution, so the original player stays in the game.
Does a pinch runner get an at-bat?
No. A pinch runner replaces the player on base. He only comes to bat if he stays in the game and his spot in the batting order comes up again.
